免疫球蛋白“错位”******
继连花清瘟、布洛芬、蒙脱石散等药物被疯抢，静注人免疫球蛋白也成为公众“必抢清单”里的榜首药品。新年伊始，顶着“免疫神话”的光环，免疫球蛋白的身价经历了滚雪球般的上涨。从300元、500元的价格炒出天价单瓶高达2200元，7天涨了近7倍。由于本身稀缺且高价自费，通常医院不会储备太多，在突如其来的抢购潮中，一些人盲目“抢球”陷入骗局，而一些真正需要它救命的免疫缺陷类疾病患者，却面临无药可用。
从“默默无闻”到“爆抢”
去年底开始，社交平台上“免疫球蛋白”在热搜榜居高不下，多位网友发文称高价求购“丙种球蛋白”。
“老人肺炎重症，急求免疫球蛋白”“实在找不到药了，有货源的请联系我”……更有网友动态表示“一万块买不到四瓶免疫球蛋白”，一时间这种并不日常的药物家喻户晓，求药人群随处可见。
在武汉工作生活的付女士在社交平台急求免疫球蛋白，在接受北京商报记者采访时说，“防疫政策调整后，先是抢不到日常所需药品，退烧药和体温计都抢不到，因为家里老人有基础病，担心感染后风险较大，所以想买点囤着，有备无患”。
付女士代表了不少抢购者的心理。付女士还向北京商报记者表示，自己根据网络上新冠用药清单囤了一部分，如布洛芬、蒙脱石散之类，但免疫球蛋白在医院和药房早已经断货，黄牛溢价太严重更真假难辨。
北京商报记者通过中国医药信息查询平台看到，免疫球蛋白为处方药，每瓶2.5g参考价格为298-700元。
物以稀为贵。各种黄牛藏匿社交网络，频繁发动态并附上小标签“新冠特效药”，北京商报记者以患者家属的身份向黄牛询价，对方表示每瓶2000元，多买有优惠，并且一天一价供不应求，黄牛还向记者表示免疫球蛋白用于家里老人备用，一个成年人每天需要打3-4支。
多名网友发布武汉好药师大药房(九州通大厦店)可购买静注免疫球蛋白的动态并排起长队，北京商报记者致电询问但电话未有人接听，而另一家连锁店武汉好药师药店(泰康店)则表示免疫球蛋白已经断货，并告知记者最近一段时间都不会有，货源紧俏。
北京商报记者通过向北京多家医院咨询得知，由于社区医院大多提供的基础医疗服务，主要侧重于卫生保健服务，免疫球蛋白这种药品是需要在患者病情严重经过医生权衡判断才能使用的处方药，所以社区医院不做静注人免疫球蛋白药品的注射和售卖。
“神药”与“丙球”
“静注人免疫球蛋白(ph4)”是一种血液制品，又称“丙球”，是从健康人类的血浆中提取出来，主要应用于提高机体免疫能力，用于治疗原发性免疫球蛋白缺乏症、继发性免疫球蛋白缺陷病、自身免疫性疾病。丙球可以预防传染性肝炎、荨麻疹等病毒性感染，也可以用于哮喘、湿疹等疾病。在儿童用药中，丙球是治疗川崎病最主要的治疗药物。
“免疫球蛋白”到底需不需要抢？辽宁省朝阳市某三甲医院的张医生在接受北京商报记者采访时说道：“免疫球蛋白是人体血液内提取出来的细菌病毒产生的抗体，市面上还未出现康复人群血液中提取出来的免疫球蛋白，因此人们疯抢的静注免疫球蛋白对于新冠的预防作用不大。并且免疫球蛋白作为血液制品注射存在很多潜在风险，比如血液疾病的感染和身体的排斥反应过敏等，虽然这种风险的概率极低。”
1月6日我国最新发布了“第十版新冠感染诊疗方案”，在此方案的药物推荐中，并未提到普通人免疫球蛋白。武汉市第一医院呼吸内科临床药师、副主任药师邓体瑛曾对此做出提醒，方案中提到的针对新冠感染的免疫球蛋白，具体名称为“COVID-19免疫球蛋白”，而非普通的“静注人免疫球蛋白”。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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